Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Presiden Sebagai Upaya Menghindari Terjadinya Abuse of Power

  • Elsan Yudhistira Universitas Indonesia
Keywords: Abuse of Power, President Term, Term Limitation

Abstract

President term limitation is an effort to prevent a President who takes control of the nation for a long time because the President will make it possible to abuse power. Presidential term limitation is a crucial thing to be regulated because it will make the potential abuse of power, and the authoritarian government will grow in some countries. In every nation, we can see adopting a presidential system organize about Presidential term limitation to President's candidate. Seeing that there are several types adopted by various countries that adopt the Presidential system, then it will be studied which system is the best system to decrease the possibility of the occurrence abuse of power performed by the President. The research method uses a statue approach, a historical approach, and a conceptual approach. The results of this study indicate that of the 20 (twenty) countries that adhere to the presidential system, it shows that the most widely used method is only one re-election and no re-election because with this system it is supposed that it can easily limit the term of office of the President and also can be determine fixed government. The chance of abusing power will reduce, while the system No Immediate re-election and No limitation re-election is a country that allows it to be in control for a long time without any restrictions to run for President so that the possibility of abuse of authority will be more open.

References

The 1789 Constitution of the United States.

The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.

The 1948 Constitution of the Republic of Korea.

The 1967 Constitution of the Republic of Bolivia.

The 1975 Constitution of the Republic of Angola.

The 1982 Constitution of the Republic of Turkey.

The 1985 Political Constitution of the Republic of Guatemala.

The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines.

The 1987 Political Constitution of the Republic of Nicaragua.

The 1988 Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil.

The 1990 Constitution of the People's Republic of Benin.

The 1991 Constitution of the Republic of Zambia.

The 1993 Political Constitution of Peru.

The 1994 Constitution of the Republic of Belarus.

The 1994 Constitution of the Republic of Malawi.

The 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa.

The 1999 Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

The 2009 Constitution of the Plurinational State of Bolivia.

The 2010 Constitution of the Republic of Madagascar.

The 2015 Constitution of the Republic of the Congo.

Argentina’s Constitution of 1853.

Atok, A. R. A. (2011). Penguatan Kependudukan dan Pembatasan Kekuasaan Presiden dalam Perubahan UUD 1945. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, 24(1), 1-12.

Beermann, J. M. (2011). A Skeptical View of a Skeptical View of Presidential Term Limits Is Our Constitutional Order Broken - Structural and Doctrinal Questions in Constitutional Law: The Effect of Term Limits: Should They be Abandoned. Connecticut Law Review, 43(4), 1105-1123.

Coenen, D. T. (2015). Two-Time Presidents and the Vice-Presidency. Boston College Law Review, 56, 1287-1344.

Dewansyah, B. & Zulfikar, M. A. Y. (2016). Reafirmasi Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensial dan Model Pertanggungjawaban Presidensial dalam Perubahan UUD 1945: Penelusuran Sebab dan Konsekuensi. Padjadjaran: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law), 3(2), 285-309. doi: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v3n2.a4

Dixon, R. & Landau, D. (2019). Constitutional end Games: Making Presidential Term Limits Stick. Hastings Law Journal, 71(2), 359-418.

Gelfeld, B. (2018). "Preventing Deviations From Presidential Term Limits in Low-And Middle-Income Democracies". Dissertation. Public Policy Analysis, Pardee Rand Graduate School.

Hendra, H. (2016). Pertanggungjawaban Politik Presiden Pasca Amandemen UUD 1945. Jurnal Wacana Politik, 1(1), 9-21. doi: https://doi.org/10.24198/jwp.v1i1.10544

Huda, N. m. (2012). Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Ihsanuddin, I. (2018, 23 July). Ihsannudin, Jika Gugatan Perindo Dikabulkan, SBY Bisa “Nyapres” Lagi. Kompas.com. Retrieved from https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/07/23/16110281/jika-gugatan-perindo-dikabulkan-sby-bisa-nyapres-lagi, at the date of 2 April 2020.

Khaerunnailla, W. O. F., et al. (2019). Urgensi Pembatasan Masa periode Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dalam Upaya Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan Kekuasaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, 4(1), 176-185. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um019v4i1p176-185

Landau, D. (2018). Presidential Term Limits in Latin America: A Critical Analysis of the Migration of the Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendment Doctrine. The Law & Ethics of Human Rights, 12(2), 225-249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/lehr-2018-0013

Latansa, Q. D. (2019). Konstitusionalitas Batasan Masa Jabatan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden di Indonesia. Jurist-Diction, 2(2), 595-616. doi: https://doi.org/10.20473/jd.v2i2.14254

Maltz, G. (2007). The Case for Presidential Term Limits. Journal of Democracy, 18(1), 128-142.

Martínez, C. V. (2016). "Presidential Term Limits: Political and Economic Effects of Reelection in Latin America (1990-2010)". Dissertation. Department of Government, University of Essex.

McKie, K. (2019). Presidential Term Limit Contravention: Abolish, Extend, Fail, or Respect? Comparative Political Studies, 52(10), 1500-1534. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0010414019830737

Murse, T. (2020, 17 June). How Many Years Can a President Serve in the White House? What the Constitution Says and Doesn't Say About Term Limits. Thoughtco. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/why-presidents-only-serve-two-terms-3367979, at the date of 2 April 2020.

Paul, J. (2010). If it Quacks Like a Lame Duck, Can it Lead the Free World: The Case for Relaxing Presidential Term Limits is Our Constitutional Order Broken - Structural and Doctrinal Questions in Constitutional Law: The Effect of Term Limits: Should They Be Abandoned. Connecticut Law Review, 43(4), 1097-1104.

Peabody, B. G. (2001). George Washington, Presidential Term Limits, and the Problem of Reluctant Political Leadership. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 31(3), 439-453. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0360-4918.2001.00180.x

Purnomo, C. E. (2016). Pengaruh Pembatasan Kekuasaan Presiden terhadap Praktik Ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Jurnal Konstitusi, 7(2), 159-182.

Schack, L. L. (1996). A Reconsideration of the Single, Six-Year Presidential Term in Light of Contemporary Electoral Trends. The Journal of Law & Politics, 12, 749.

Suny, I. (1977). Pergeseran Kekuasaan Eksekutif: Suatu Penyelidikan dalam Hukum Tata Negara. Jakarta: Aksara Baru.

Syawawi, R. (2010). Pengaturan Pemberhentian Presiden dalam Masa Jabatan Menurut UUD 1945 (Studi Komparatif Sebelum dan Sesudah Perubahan). Jurnal Konstitusi, 7(6), 53-96.

Thaib, D., et al. (2008). Teori dan Hukum Konstitusi. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Tull, D. M. & Simons, C. (2017). The Institutionalisation of Power Revisited: Presidential Term Limits in Africa. Africa Spectrum, 52(2), 79-102.

Walsh, F. M. (2010). The Honduran Constitution is Not a Suicide Pact: The Legality of Honduran President Manuel Zelaya's Removal. Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, 38(2), 339-373.

Wiebusch, M. & Murray, C. (2019). Presidential Term Limits and the African Union. Journal of African Law, 63(S1), 131-160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021855319000056

Published
2020-10-20
How to Cite
Yudhistira, E. (2020). Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Presiden Sebagai Upaya Menghindari Terjadinya Abuse of Power. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 23(2), 132-154. https://doi.org/10.56087/aijih.v23i2.43