Action criminal human trafficking (TPPO) is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that threatens right basic human beings . In the context of globalization and mobility humans are increasingly increases , human trafficking becomes problem serious , especially in developing countries , including Indonesia. Review Criminology From the point of view view criminology , TPPO may understood through various theory that explains causes and dynamics crime this . Some frequent factors discussed includes : Economic factors: poverty , unemployment , and instability economy often become booster main for individual For trapped in network human trafficking . Perpetrators crime often take profit from condition tough economy For offer work or a better life good . Structure social play a role important in increase vulnerability to human trafficking . Gender inequality , discrimination , and social stigma is contributing factors strengthen vulnerability . Women and children often caught target main . [1]
Network Criminal Organized : Trade man often done by networks organized crime , with the methods and strategies they use have For recruiting , transporting , and exploiting victims. [2] Policy and Law Enforcement : Weak enforcement law and corruption in institutions enforcer the law also facilitates practice human trafficking . Ignorance and lack of training regarding TPPO among apparatus enforcer law can become inhibitor in effort prevention . Action criminal human trafficking is problem serious that requires approach comprehensive from various discipline science , including criminology and victimology . Understanding background behind problem This very much crucial in to design successful policies and prevention strategies that can guard individual from exploitation and violation right basic human . Collaborative efforts between government , society and non- governmental organizations are very necessary For overcome issue This in a way comprehensive . [3]
In Indonesia, the action criminal human trafficking regulated in Constitution Number 21 of 2007 concerning Eradication Action Criminal Human Trafficking , Definition Action Criminal Trafficking in Persons Act This defines TPPO as acquisition or transportation of people with method coercion , fraud , or abuse power For objective exploitation . The goal For Prevent and eradicate human trafficking , protecting victims, as well give sanctions to perpetrator . [1] Sanctions Criminal TPPO perpetrators can charged severe sanctions , including Prison with punishment maximum 15 years and a fine up to Rp 600 million . Criminal additional , such as revocation right For occupy position public . Protection of Victims Law this also emphasizes importance protection for victims, including Provision service rehabilitation and reintegration . [4] Protection law and social for the victims. [5] Inter-Agency Coordination Emphasizes the need cooperation between various agency government , NGOs, and other parties other For prevent and handle TPPO effective . Prevention and Education Regulate effort prevention through education and awareness public about danger human trafficking . [6]
Victims of TPPO experience various impact negative , including : Physical and Psychological Trauma : Many people experience violence , exploitation , and prolonged trauma. Social Stigma : After return to society , many victims face a stigma that makes reintegration difficult . One of the base law related rule about prohibition do matters concerned with human trafficking because , every man have feelings and dignity that must be We appreciate . It is mentioned in Action trading man Actually No matter new . [7] In pre- Islamic times the practice trafficking and slavery of people is indeed Already ongoing . [8] In fact , the Quran itself take a picture matter the with once upon a time the Prophet Yusuf traded by someone (Surah Yusuf: 20), and they sell him (Joseph) with price low , namely just a few dirhams , because they No interested to him . [9]
This verse speak about the Prophet Yusuf who was sold by someone For objective exploitation . In some interpretations it is mentioned that the Prophet Yusuf was sold as waiter to a Egyptian ruler named Qitfir or Atfir . Prophet Yusuf was made as maid . That thing is part from exploitation to freedom . It is very clear that paragraph This speak about trading humans and their victims It was Yusuf who at that time That Still Not yet adults . Based on problem said , research This important For to study factors that cause the occurrence act criminal human trafficking (TPPO), as well as as well as understand How apparatus enforcer law to overcome case act criminal human trafficking (TPPO) . The research This expected can identify factors that cause the occurrence act criminal human trafficking (TPPO), analyzing effectiveness enforcement laws carried out by the authorities , as well as give strategy recommendations for increase supervision and enforcement to TPPO cases . In addition , research this also aims For explore steps necessary precautions For protect public from impact negative effects caused by the practice human trafficking . [10]
Research methods in thesis This is study law empirical in nature descriptive and prescriptive . Research This involving approach field , where researcher observe in a way direct practice act criminal human trafficking (TPPO) in the Directorate Investigation General Crime of South Sulawesi Regional Police. Population in study This consists of from perpetrator act criminal human trafficking , victims and authorities enforcer the law that deals with cases associated with sample taken through interview deep . [11] Type of data used includes primary data obtained direct from interview , observation field , and analysis document relevant laws . Data analysis was carried out in a way qualitative , with objective For give a comprehensive overview about qualification law and application law criminal to act criminal human trafficking . Through method this , it is expected can identified factors causes of TPPO and obstacles faced in enforcement law . [12]
Action criminal is action violate the law that has been done with on purpose or No intentional by someone who can accountable on its actions and those by law has stated as a actions that can be punished . [10] Human Trafficking is action recruitment , transportation , harboring , sending , transfer , or reception somebody with threat violence , use violence , kidnapping , confinement , forgery , fraud , abuse power or position vulnerable , debt trap or give payment or benefits , so that to obtain agreement from the person holding control on other people , whether committed within the country or abroad . between countries, for purpose of prostitution and exploitation sexual ( including paedophilia ), legal and illegal migrant workers , adoption child , bride order , maid House stairs , begging , industry pornography , distribution drug prohibited , sale of body organs , form exploitation others . [13]
Action criminal human trafficking a actions that fulfill elements recruitment , transportation , harboring , sending , transfer , or reception somebody with threat violence , use violence , kidnapping , confinement , forgery , fraud , debt trapping or give payment or benefits , so that to obtain agreement from the person holding control over others, either carried out within the country or between countries and between countries, for objective exploitation or resulting in people being exploited . [14] Involvement Perpetrator in crime act criminal human trafficking every the year from start 2021 to with 2024 shows varying numbers . Based on the results of the data provided by Akp Ramdan Kusuma as Makassar Police Criminal Investigation Unit of South Sulawesi on the 12th February 2025, the number the perpetrators involved in violation Action Criminal Human Trafficking every the year is as following :
Table 1.
Number of Case Data Criminal Human Trafficking 2021 to 2024 at the South Sulawesi Regional Police
| No. | Year | Amount |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2021 | 6 |
| 2 | 2022 | 31 |
| 3 | 2023 | 45 |
| 4 | 2024 | 36 |
Data Source : Directorate of Criminal Investigation of the South Sulawesi Regional Police
Based on interview with AKP Ramdan Kusuma as Ditreskrimum Polda South Sulawesi. From the data obtained , it can be seen that amount case act criminal human trafficking (TPPO) in the South Sulawesi Regional Police experienced fluctuation during period 2021 to 2024. The year 2021 recorded number lowest with only 6 cases , whereas 2022 is experiencing surge significant to 31 cases , making it year with amount case highest in period However , in 2023 , the number of case return increase to 45, before experience A little decrease in 2024 with 36 cases . [ 15]
Based on results interview the author get by Akp Ramdan Kusuma form the perpetrators involved in act criminal human trafficking divided become :
Economic Factors
According to AKP Ramdan, in factor This explain information direct from perpetrator That Alone that is the perpetrator No can to finance his needs myself and my parents are also made as the reason is because No existence a parent figure who can fulfil the child 's needs so that perpetrator earn money yourself even until do a activity crime in order to get money that can fulfil need a day the day so that perpetrator to justify all method For to live need economy nya , the average perpetrator act criminal human trafficking especially in South Sulawesi No it can't be denied that the perpetrator Still arguably age young people who do act criminal human trafficking and also those who make it reason in condition economy perpetrator Can it is said most from perpetrator No have parents or orphan orphan so that No existence figure that can fulfil or sufficient what is becoming need should obtained like children in general who are still have parents so that push perpetrator do work whatever to be able to sufficient all over need his life .
Social Factors
According to AKP Ramdan, in factor This explain information direct from perpetrator That Alone that is the perpetrator want to look for work so that perpetrator explain want to look for a work and ways get a the work that he did that is act criminal human trafficking through scope where is his friendship his friend offer work said and said work This No too difficult For get money because method perpetrator do act criminal human trafficking perpetrator beckon lure friends surrounding area a the job he said work the Can it is said Can get a lot of money , from environment his friend also made his friend Alone as sacrifice in do human trafficking is not see in looking for money is it halal or haram perpetrator No ignore because it's important perpetrator Can earn money.
As we know that apparatus enforcer law is a institutions that have authority For to uphold law and ensure that rule law implemented with fair in society that prevents and prosecutes violation law as well as ensure justice can be beautified like example police on duty For guard security and order society , and investigate and investigate act criminal like as it is in to overcome case act criminal special his act criminal human trafficking such as title raised by the author .
From the explanation direct from Director of Criminal Investigation of the South Sulawesi Regional Police, AKP Ramdan Kusuma SH in every report case about act criminal human trafficking all case the everything is processed immediately and continues to prosecutor's office until to the court to provide effect deterrent from all perpetrator and Friend from the perpetrator who committed action the because behavior that is done the has to seize independence from someone who becomes as a victim of crime criminal human trafficking .
Action criminal human trafficking is a very complex crime Because the perpetrator who committed TPPO crimes make the surrounding environment as a victim with to lure A work that can it is said huge salaries and crime this is also very detrimental public Because is act of seizing independence from somebody with give A trust For get a work . Proven from cases 2021 to with 2024 crime act criminal human trafficking is increasing every year year . Factors that cause the occurrence crime act criminal this human trafficking in accordance with results interviews conducted that perpetrator do crime the Because all over need his life not fulfilled by his parents so that perpetrator want to look for a work For fulfil all over need his life and also the perpetrator do his crime Because the environment or from his friendship that invited him do crime There are some suggestions are based on factors that cause perpetrator do act criminal human trafficking , agency government must Keep going do a effort with socialization with society . In addition , as society must also know Why perpetrator committing TPPO because his needs not filled by his parents so that must look for a work that can be done fulfil his needs and also as public must capable sorting a his social life Because Want to family or Friend close as usual will became a victim of his acquaintance who as the perpetrator , then it must also be capable aware of the crime of TPPO people so that the crime This can minimize the victims who have harmed .