Custody Determination for a Child Born as a Result of Rape: A Maqashid al-Sharia Perspective
Abstract
This study aimed to examine child rights and the requirements for custody determination for a child born as a result of rape based on the maqashid al-sharia perspective. This research employed a normative legal research method with the statute and comparative approaches. The collected legal materials were analyzed qualitatively to describe the problem and answer the research objectives. The results of this study indicate that maqashid al-sharia emphasizes the importance of guaranteeing hadhanah, or child custody, by considering the caregiver’s rights, the child’s rights, and the father’s or guardian’s rights. Furthermore, the Quran provides comprehensive guidance in protecting and fulfilling child rights, while the principles of maqashid al-sharia, such as hifz al-din, hifz al-nafs, hifz al-‘aql, hifz al-nasl, and hifz al-mal, serve as the foundation for fulfilling these rights. In cases of children born as a result of rape, maqashid al-sharia emphasizes the necessity of the state’s presence to protect the child through the mechanism of child custody determination through the courts, taking into account specific requirements, such as the age, health, and good conduct of the prospective guardian, to ensure proper care and the fulfilment of the child’s rights. Therefore, it is recommended that various parties, including the government, judges, and prospective guardians, synergize in protecting and fulfilling the rights of children born as a result of rape by the principles of maqashid al-sharia.
References
Amadea, N., Nasution, F. U., & Putri, S. A. (2022). The Appointing of a Legal Guardian based on Audi et Alteram Partem Principle and Only One Guardian Principle. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 4(1), 124-139. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i1.185
Apriyansa, D. (2019). Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan Terhadap Anak Dibawah Umur dan Sanksi yang Diterapkan. Jurnal Panorama Hukum, 4(2), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.21067/jph.v4i2.3967
Az-Zuhaili, W. (2011a). Fiqih Islam Wa Adillatuhu: Hak-Hak Anak, Wasiat, Wakaf, dan Warisan (Trans. by A. H. Al-Kattani, et al., Volume 10). Gema Insani.
Az-Zuhaili, W. (2011b). Fiqih Islam Wa Adillatuhu: Pengantar llmu Fiqih, Tokoh-Tokoh Madzhab Fiqih, Niat, Thaharah, dan Shalat (Trans. by A. H. Al-Kattani, et al., Volume 1). Gema Insani.
Fathurrahman, M., & Firmansyah, H. (2024). Postponement of Inheritance Distribution for Minangkabau Migrant Inheritors: A Study of Islamic Law. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 27(2), 355-373. https://doi.org/10.56087/aijih.v27i2.507
Government Regulation in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2016 on the Second Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2002 on Child Protection (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2016 Number 99, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5882). https://peraturan.go.id/id/perppu-no-1-tahun-2016
Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 29 of 2019 on Terms and Procedures for Appointing a Legal Guardian (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2019 Number 76, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6339). https://peraturan.go.id/id/pp-no-29-tahun-2019
Haiba, S. N. M., & Nugraheni, A. S. C. (2024). Penetapan Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Perceraian Berdasarkan Asas Kepentingan Terbaik Anak. Aliansi: Jurnal Hukum, Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora, 1(2), 151-161. https://doi.org/10.62383/aliansi.v1i2.84
Haque, A., Manaf, N. H. A., Uddin, M. N., Akther, N., & Mokhtar, A. (2024). Enhancing Community Health Sustainability Through the Use of Maqasid Al-Shariah Theory. International Journal of Islamic Marketing and Branding, 6(2), 159-179. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIMB.2024.141988
Hefni, M. (2017). Rekonstruksi Maqashid al-Syari’ah (Sebuah Gagasan Hasan Hanafi tentang Revitalisasi Turats). Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial, 6(2), 161-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v6i2.307
Heriyanti, H., Pakpahan, K., Pinayungan, D. S., Pane, L. S., & Sormin, G. S. (2023). Upaya Penanggulangan Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak di SD Kota Medan. Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum, 4(2), 300-307. Retrieved from https://www.ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/juinhum/article/view/7597
Idris, A. R., Khusaini, M., & Al-Mansyuri, S. A. (2024). Contemporary Islamic Law in Indonesia: The Fulfillment of Child Custody Rights in Divorce Cases Caused by Early Marriage. MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review, 3(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i1.8907
Indriati, N. Y., Suyadi, S., Wahyuningsih, K. K., & Sanyoto, S. (2017). Perlindungan dan Pemenuhan Hak Anak (Studi Tentang Orang Tua sebagai Buruh Migran di Kabupaten Banyumas). Mimbar Hukum, 29(3), 474-487. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.24315
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2002 on Child Protection (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2002 Number 109, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4235). https://jdih.dpr.go.id/setjen/detail-dokumen/tipe/uu/id/322
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2014 on Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2002 on Child Protection (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2014 Number 297, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5606). https://jdih.dpr.go.id/setjen/detail-dokumen/tipe/uu/id/1617
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2016 on Enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2016 on the Second Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2002 on Child Protection Into Law (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2016 Number 237, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5946). https://jdih.dpr.go.id/setjen/detail-dokumen/tipe/uu/id/1680
Lira, M. A. (2023). The Father’s Responsibility for the Fulfillment of Child Support Post-Divorce. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 5(2), 276-291. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v5i2.291
Mustika, V., & Iwan, I. (2024). Restitusi Terhadap Korban Kekerasan Seksual di LPSK Medan; Analisis Hukum Pidana dan Hukum Pidana Islam. Legalite: Jurnal Perundang Undangan dan Hukum Pidana Islam, 9(2), 117-131. Retrieved from https://journal.iainlangsa.ac.id/index.php/legalite/article/view/9224
Muzaiyanah, M. (2022). Tinjauan Maqasid Asy-Syari’ah Terhadap Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Timur Nomor 16 Tahun 2012 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak Korban Kekerasan. Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah dan Hukum, 7(1), 87-111. https://doi.org/10.22515/alahkam.v7i1.5252
Nasrullah, N. (2023). The Escalation of Child Trafficking in Makassar: A Criminological Analysis. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 5(1), 182-194. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v5i1.284
Nurheliza, S., & Iwan, I. (2024). Legal Review of Parents in Facilitating Children Playing Jaran Kepang in View of Islamic Law and Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection (Case Study of Sei Rotan Village, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency). Journal Equity of Law and Governance, 4(2), 271-278. Retrieved from https://www.ejurnal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/elg/article/view/10091
Nyirandamutsa, F., Niyonsenga, J., Lisette, G. K., Izabayo, J., Kambibi, E., Munderere, S., Sebuhoro, C., Muhayisa, A., & Vincent, S. (2024). The Mental Health Prognosis of Offspring Born of Genocidal Rape Is Influenced by Family Members, the Community, and Their Perceptions Toward Them. PLoS ONE, 19(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302330
Qamar, N., & Rezah, F. S. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Doktrinal dan Non-Doktrinal. CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn).
Qur’an Kemenag. (2022). Al-Baqarah [2]. Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved July 1, 2024, from https://quran.kemenag.go.id
Qur’an Kemenag. (2022). An-Nisa’ [4]. Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved July 1, 2024, from https://quran.kemenag.go.id
Qur’an Kemenag. (2022). Al-Isra’ [17]. Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved July 1, 2024, from https://quran.kemenag.go.id
Qur’an Kemenag. (2022). Al-Mujadalah [58]. Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved July 1, 2024, from https://quran.kemenag.go.id
Raghavan, R., & Alexandrova, A. (2015). Toward a Theory of Child Well-Being. Social Indicators Research, 121(3), 887-902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0665-z
Ramadhan, A. S., & Lubis, A. (2024). The Implementation of Parental Obligations in the Fulfillment of Children’s Rights: A Case Study in Banjaran Godang Village Based on the Compilation of Islamic Law and the Child Protection Law. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 27(2), 336-354. https://doi.org/10.56087/aijih.v27i2.506
Sampara, S., & Husen, L. O. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Kretakupa Print.
Saputra, D. A. (2023). Maqashid Syari’ah Analysis of Pregnant Women’s Marriage: A Review of Individual and Community Welfare. Journal of Social Science (JoSS), 2(10), 875-887. https://doi.org/10.57185/joss.v2i10.142
SIMFONI-PPA. (2024). Bentuk Kekerasan yang Dialami Korban. Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved July 25, 2024, from https://kekerasan.kemenpppa.go.id/ringkasan
Syafiuddin, M. N., Safa’at, R., Djatmika, P., & Istislam, I. (2021a). Redefinition of Nafkah in the Pattern of Child Protection and the Formation of Family Problems in Indonesia. International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 9(1), 215-222. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v9i1.13186
Syafiuddin, M. N., Safa’at, R., Djatmika, P., & Istislam, I. (2021b). Understanding Child Support in the Pattern of Child Protection Based on the Principle of Child Protection. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(1), 92-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i1.2260
Tohari, C., & Fawwaz, H. (2022). The Ijtihad Construction of Islamic Law Based on the Maqâshid Al-Syarî’ah Approach in the Indonesian Context. Prophetic Law Review, 4(2), 195-221. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol4.iss2.art4
Ulya, N. H. (2021). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual Perspektif Negara dan Maqashid Syariah. Journal of Islamic Law and Family Studies, 4(1), 1-21. Retrieved from https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/jilfas/article/view/11839
Yuniarlin, P. (2023). Kedudukan Anak yang Lahir dalam Perkawinan Siri Setelah Perkawinan Orang Tuanya Dicatatkan di Kantor Urusan Agama. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 7(3), 1085-1096. https://doi.org/10.31933/ujsj.v7i3.418
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Aulia Firdaus, Iwan Iwan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
