Dimensi Viktimologis dan Kriminologis dalam Perlindungan Narapidana terhadap Eksploitasi

Abstract

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme perlindungan narapidana dalam program pembinaan kerja serta menilai peran petugas pemasyarakatan dalam menjamin perlakuan manusiawi, khususnya dalam implementasi Pasal 29 Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasyarakatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan empiris dan jenis studi kasus di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Makassar. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi, dan studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif analitis.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme perlindungan telah diatur secara normatif melalui tahapan asesmen, pembinaan kepribadian dan kemandirian, serta evaluasi berkala. Namun, dalam praktiknya masih terdapat kendala struktural seperti overcrowding, keterbatasan anggaran, dan minimnya pengawasan yang berpotensi menimbulkan praktik eksploitasi terselubung. tetapi belum sepenuhnya optimal akibat keterbatasan sumber daya.

Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan pengawasan independen, peningkatan anggaran pembinaan, serta optimalisasi pelaksanaan Pasal 29 UU Pemasyarakatan guna mencegah eksploitasi dan memperkuat tujuan rehabilitasi.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the mechanisms for protecting inmates within work development programs and to assess the role of correctional officers in ensuring humane treatment, particularly in the implementation of Article 29 of Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections. The research method used is qualitative research with an empirical approach and a case study conducted at the Class I Correctional Institution in Makassar. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature studies, and were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method.

The results of the study indicate that the protection mechanism has been normatively regulated through stages of assessment, personality and self-reliance development programs, as well as periodic evaluations. However, in practice, there are still structural constraints such as overcrowding, limited budgets, and minimal supervision that have the potential to give rise to covert exploitation practices. Furthermore, the implementation has not yet been fully optimal due to limited resources.

This study recommends strengthening independent supervision, increasing the budget for development programs, and optimizing the implementation of Article 29 of the Correctional Law in order to prevent exploitation and strengthen rehabilitation objectives.